Coloured glass is usually made by adding mineral or metal oxides during the melting of the glass.
To start with, ordinary glass is made, usually consisting of basic ingredients such as sand (silica), soda ash (soda ash) and lime (calcium oxide) fused together at high temperatures.
Addition of colouring agents: during the melting process, the desired mineral or metal oxides are added for colouring. For example:
Iron oxide gives a red, brown or pink colour.
Cobalt oxide gives the colour blue.
Copper oxide gives green colour.
Selenium oxide gives the red colour.
Chromium oxide gives a green colour.
Mixing: the colourant is thoroughly mixed with the melted glass to achieve a uniform and desired colour shade.
Shaping and cooling: once the paint is evenly mixed, the glass can be shaped to the desired shape and size. When the glass is uniformly shaped and moulded to the required size and shape, the glass is gradually cooled to avoid cracking or breaking.
Finishing: Chilled glass is often subjected to a finishing process where the surface is polished or treated to meet end-use requirements.
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